## Cholesky Decomposition

A symmetric, positive definite square matrix A has a Cholesky decomposition into a product of a lower triangular matrix L and its transpose L^T,

    A = L L^T

This is sometimes referred to as taking the square-root of a matrix. The Cholesky decomposition can only be carried out when all the eigenvalues of the matrix are positive. This decomposition can be used to convert the linear system A x = b into a pair of triangular systems (L y = b, L^T x = y), which can be solved by forward and back-substitution.

Function: int gsl_linalg_cholesky_decomp (gsl_matrix * A)
  This function factorizes the positive-definite square matrix A into the Cholesky decomposition A = L L^T. On output the diagonal and lower triangular part of the input matrix A contain the matrix L. The upper triangular part of the input matrix contains L^T, the diagonal terms being identical for both L and L^T. If the matrix is not positive-definite then the decomposition will fail, returning the error code `GSL_EDOM`.

Function: int gsl_linalg_cholesky_solve (const gsl_matrix * cholesky, const gsl_vector * b, gsl_vector * x)
  This function solves the system A x = b using the Cholesky decomposition of A into the matrix cholesky given by `gsl_linalg_cholesky_decomp`.

Function: int gsl_linalg_cholesky_svx (const gsl_matrix * cholesky, gsl_vector * x)
  This function solves the system A x = b in-place using the Cholesky decomposition of A into the matrix cholesky given by `gsl_linalg_cholesky_decomp`. On input x should contain the right-hand side b, which is replaced by the solution on output.